UNIT 20: Some Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry
Tetravalency
of carbon; Shapes of simple molecules - hybridization (s and p);
Classification of organic compounds based on functional groups: - C = C -
, - C ? C - and those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen and
sulphur; Homologous series; Isomerism - structural and stereoisomerism.
Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC)
Covalent
bond fission - Homolytic and heterolytic: free radicals, carbocations
and carbanions; stability of carbocations and free radicals,
electrophiles and nucleophiles.
Electronic displacement in a covalent bond - Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation.
Common types of organic reactions - Substitution, addition, elimination and rearrangement.
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